Stem Cells And Its Effect On The Human Body - 1407 Words

Introduction Stem cells are unspecialized cells of a multicellular organism and it has capability changing into any type cell. When stem cells divides, the new cell has the potential of choosing whether to stay a stem cell or turn into any type of specialized such as: skin cells, neurons, muscle cells and many more. Stem cells have no specific function but are special in their own way. In the early stage of the development, stem cells have the extraordinary potential to develop into any type of cell in the human body. Unlike Specialized cells that have a specific function and cannot change into any other type of cells, stem cells have no specific function but are special in their own way. The specialized cells divide the new cells and do not have the choice of changing. They have to stay the same. Important characteristics of Stem Cells: - Unspecialized stem cells renew themselves through their capability of cell division - They can be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special function. - They regularly divide to repair and replace worn-out or damaged tissues. The unique regenerative abilities of stem cells provide potential for treating diseases and many injuries, blood disorder, certain cancers such as Leukemia, and diseases such as diabetes and also heart diseases. Stem cells and their types Helpful stem cells Embryonic Stem cells Embryonic stem cells are the helpful type of stem cells in our body that can be used in many ways. One ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stem Cell On The Human Body2802 Words   |  12 Pagesincurable but embryotic stem cells may hold the cure. With that said, many researchers in the medical field have become quite involved in the study of stem cells. A stem cell is an immature cell that has the potential to become specialized into different types of cells throughout the body. There are two different types of stem cells: adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. These cells are important because they have the ability to repair damaged tissue in the human body. Although they are bothRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On The Human Body998 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells are undifferentiated cells that have potential to be developed into many different specialized cell types, such as skin cells, bone cells, muscle cells, and many more. Stem cells used in research today derive from ma inly two sources, embryos from the blastocyst phase of embryological development, known as embryonic stem cells, and adult tissue, known as adult stem cells (â€Å"Stem Cell Basics†). Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are roughly five-days-old, when it is in theRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell1680 Words   |  7 Pageslife, cells make up every organ and body part of a living organism. Among various types of cells of human bodies, a stem cell can turn into any type of specialized cell of human body. A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to develop into any conceivable different kind of specialized cell type. The existence of a stem cell was first discovered by Drs. James Till and Ernset McCulloch from Canada. A stem cell can be distinguished into two types: adult stem cell and embryonic stem cell. An embryonicRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cells Or No?1006 Words   |  5 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells or No? Did you know that since 1981, researchers have been removing embryonic stem cells from thousands of embryos to create cells that could potentially save people from diseases? How many patients do you think this has helped since then? Hundreds? Thousands? Wrong. In fact, not one â€Å"cure† has been found to help people with Parkinson’s, cancer, heart disease and so many more rare diseases that it is said to be able to help. Embryonic stem cell research has been an issue inRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1665 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells have advanced the way researchers look at curing what were once considered untreatable diseases. Modern technology has played a key role in the discovering of these stem cells and how they are used in the body. Many argue that the use of adult and embryonic cells is unethical and inhumane to society, however, there is one point taken into consideration when making that statement; if researchers could develop a cure for a disease that was affecting a family member of those who oppose itRead MoreStem Cell Research Should Not Be Allowed1170 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of stem cells. Many people think stem cell research should not be allowed, due to the fact that researchers mostly use stem cells from embryos. But, if an eight year old boy’s life can be extended or even saved through the stem cell surgery, the research using stem cells should continue. In 1978, an important discovery was uncovered in our medical world; stem cells were recognized in human cord blood (Murnaghan, â€Å"History of Stem Cell Research† N.p). With the discovery of stem cells, researchersRead MoreThe Treatment Of Stem Cell Therapy1281 Words   |  6 PagesStem cell therapy, also known as regenerative medication, has been an increasingly utilized therapy in recent years. The cells added to the body interact with the surrounding body, making the regenerative process available to begin the healing process of the cells at the site (R. (2014)). These therapies are used to heal common sport injuries such as a knee injury, diseases, arthritis, and many other crippling effects that may occur in the human body (R. (2014)). Many of the stem cells that are usedRead MoreThe Ongoing Debate Over the Use of Stem Cells Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is something revolutionary called stem cells. Stem cells can help restore and regenerate almost all parts o f the human body such as the heart, kidney, liver, and many other organs. Although stem cells offer a lot, there are many views against and for stem cells, and among these views lies the debate of whether stem cells should be legalized or not (NIH 2). Stem cells offer exciting new opportunities in the field of science such as regenerating human body parts, but many people are still debatingRead MoreThe Medical Promise Of Embryonic Stem Cells1626 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells Why should people suffer from diabetes, Alzheimer’s, sickle cell anemia, leukemia, and plenty of other degenerative diseases while the cure lies in our hands? After James Thompson, a developmental biologist, reported that he had derived the first human embryonic stem cell line (Thomson), the potential of curing degenerative diseases was revealed. Ph.D. holder and deputy director of FDA’s office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Stephanie Simek, explains that stem cells are unspecializedRead MoreStem Cells Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells are used every day throughout the United States to help cure diseases and save lives. Stem cells can also be used to study labor defects so that future birth deficiencies can be prevented or reversed. Although as a college student starting a family may not be on your mind yet, it is always beneficial to educate yourself on current trends and new discoveries in stem cell research. Andres Travino and his wife were excited when their son Andy was born ten years ago. Andy prayed and hoped

Plato And Aristotles Philosophy Opinions On Piety And...

When we discuss the important philosopher works or ideas, there are three greatest ancient Greek philosophers we have to mention: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, who they create the earliest western philosophy, their philosophic ideas influence our modern society and culture in many aspects. As we read The Trial and Death of Socrates: Four Dialogues, we can get close to the thinking of these two philosophic giants at the same time: the author Plato, and the main characters Socrates, who was Plato’s teacher. The book includes four dialogues between Socrates and his friends or disciples: Euthyphro, Apology,Crito and Phaedo, when he was put on trial, condemned to death for corrupting the youth of Athens, and arguing philosophy with them. It discusses the important aspects of Socrates’ philosophy opinions on piety and religion, the respect for the law, the death and the immortality of the soul. The dialogues reveal several important philosophical questions in the democratic society of Ancient Greece, that we even use them to measure the aspects of contemporary modern democratic society. The Euthyphro describes the conversation related to the piety and religion between Socrates and Euthyphro. The conversation starts when Socrates came to court and he met Euthyphro outside the palace. Socrates was accused, and Euthyphro was going to sue his own Father for murdering one of his servants, who got drunk and slew another man. Euthyphro thought the servant killed people, but his fatherShow MoreRelatedSocrates Plato Aristotle and Immanuel Kant Views on Happiness Government Religion and Objectivity2508 Words   |  11 Pagesseek out happiness through religion, or a spiritual leader, Who so trusteth in the Lord is happy (Proverbs 4:7). It seems that everyone has their own idea as to what makes them happy. It becomes ingrained in us that seeking happiness is the point of our existence. To find happiness, then we will be living a complete life. What makes happiness, or better yet, where happiness exists is a question that has been pondered by many great thinkers. Aristotle, Im manuel Kant, Plato and Socrates had quite aRead More What Is a Good Human Life and How Should It Be Lived? Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pageslife and the manner in which it should be lived. From Aristotle to Plato and Socrates, all these philosophers had different views concerning the manner in which people should live with themselves and with each other. The aim of this paper is to explore the views of these three philosophers and then analyze where they compare and contrast with each other. The Human Life According to the Plato Republic Through the Republic, Plato sought to relate the life of an individual to that of the society asRead More Plato and The Renaissance Essay1810 Words   |  8 Pages Plato (428-347 B.C.E.) is considered to be one of the greatest philosophers the world has ever known. Though concerned with specific problems of his own era, Platos ideas transcend all time. Throughout the ages his works have been translated into many languages and studied by great thinkers of every region of the world. A revival of Platonic thought occurred during the Renaissance. Though Platos ideas have survived in their original forms, translators and commentators during Renaissance timesRead Morehistory of philosophy5031 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿History of philosophy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see  History of Philosophy (disambiguation). This article  may require  copy editing  for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling.You can assist by  editing it.  (April 2013) Philosophy Philosophers Aestheticians Epistemologists Ethicists Logicians Metaphysicians Social and political philosophers Traditions Analytic Continental Eastern Islamic Platonic Scholastic Periods Ancient Medieval Modern Read MoreThe Importance of Considering Philosophical and Psychological Foundations in Developing a Curriculum.9983 Words   |  40 Pagesstudent. The instrument used was What Do You Believe?, 15 statements of ideas expressed in educational literature pertaining to a line of action for curriculum improvement. Reactions to six statements were in strong agreement. The functioning philosophy of participants would, therefore, include those statements dealing with exposing students to what man knows and does not know, personalized curriculum, benefits of learning from peers and groups, learning difficulties beginning in disturbed home

Justice and Vengeance in The Oresteia Free Essays

In this paper, I suggest that the themes of justice and vengeance are reflected in a progressive movement throughout the trilogy. The never-ending cycle of revenge and vengeance was between not only mortals like Clytaemnestra and Orestes but also between gods for example Apollo and the Furies. The theme of justice and vengeance are important because the play reflects a movement from a time of savagery and revenge and a movement towards civilization and justice. We will write a custom essay sample on Justice and Vengeance in The Oresteia or any similar topic only for you Order Now B. Structure of Paper In this paper, I will examine how the themes of justice and vengeance are treated in the Oresteia. I will examine the progress of the trilogy from the savage cycle of bloodshed to a more civilized and justice oriented society. First I will take a look at the foreshadowing of doom in Agamemnon by the Chorus. Then, I will analyze how the cycle of bloodshed continues in the Libation Bearers. And lastly the change from cyclic bloodshed to peace and justice will be discussed through the last play the Furies. C. Body of Paper In the first play Agamemnon, we get the first glimpse of the oncoming fate in the house of Atreus. The sacrificial death of Iphigenia mentioned in Agamemnon 875 was the first spark that caused this cycle of bloodshed to begin and led to the death of the king. The following passage is the words of the chorus following the unfortunate murder of Agamemnon. â€Å"I dread the drumbeat thunder the heavy rains of blood will crush the house the first light rains are over- Justice brings new acts of agony, yes, on new grindstones Fate is grinding sharp the sword of Justice.† Agamemnon 1561-1565 This passage foreshadows not only the coming doom in the house of Atreus but also the intervention of the gods. The line â€Å"the first light rains are over-Justice brings new acts of agony† reflects that blood will no longer drizzle but pour from this house until justice is served. It is being implied that Agamemnon was only the first casualty and many are to come which we later in the Libation Bearers realize is no one other than Clytaemestra and Aegisthus. The sharp grinding of the sword of justice by  fate reflects the intervention of the gods who will help bring justice to those murdered. Apollo being the divine oracle that helps Orestes avenge his father’s death and the Furies seeking vengeance on maternal murder. This passage provides the best example of the basic theme of the Oresteia, seeking justice through vengeance. The idea of eye for an eye continues to be reflected through the next play the Libation Bearers. This passage also like the previous one can be considered to foreshadow the death of Clytaemestra and Aegisthus. â€Å"And the blood that Mother Earth consumes clots hard, it won’t seep through it breeds revenge and frenzy goes through the guilty, seething like infection, swarming through the brain.† Libation Bearers 66-69 This quote shows that bloodshed is appeased by only more bloodshed. The fact that blood clots hard rather than seeps through signifies that death is something that is not easily accepted in human nature it only induces more revenge. The seething like infection also indicates that this feeling of vengeance will only spread like wildfire until the urge is satisfied. Orestes, with the support of Apollo, is the one reflecting this urge of vengeance while his guilty mother and her lover are the ones to lose their blood next. Clytamestra’s death causes the Furies to hunt Orestes and seek justice for her which leads us to the last part of the trilogy. In Eumenides 485, Athena decides that the case between Orestes and the Furies should be judged by a jury of mortal men. The verdict set Orestes free which enraged the Furies but for their appeasement Athena offers a place in Athens for them which they eventually agree to. Thus the following passage helps us understand how the cycle of vengeance was concluded. â€Å"Come and sped beneath the earth by our awesome sacrifices, keep destruction from the borders, bring prosperity home to Athens, triumph sailing in its wake.† The Eumenides 1015-1020 This quote depicts what Aeschylus was advocating at the end of the Furies. This verse spoken by Athena indicates that justice has been served and no longer should cycles of bloodshed and revenge be at the forefront. Rather the people of Athens should focus on bettering their homeland together and live in peace and harmony. The destruction should be put to better use by  conquering foreign lands. The alliance between Athena and the Furies is the triumph being referred to in the end and also indicates that similar achievements should continue to prosper. As we can see the themes of justice and vengeance are at the forefront in the play. The trilogy reflects a progressive movement from revenge to justice. The sacrificial death of Iphigenia was the root cause of conflict between Clytaemestra and Agamemnon and eventually the unceasing cycle of bloodshed. However, the vengeance of Orestes and the Furies led to a final ruling that helped end the cycle. Although the house of Atreus was reduced to almost nothing through all the bloodshed the cycle helped erase the law of blood for blood and in turn peace and harmony were advocated. How to cite Justice and Vengeance in The Oresteia, Papers

How To Resolve Integrity issues in Sports †Experts Recommend

Question: Describe about the Integrity Issues in Sports? Answer: Introduction The gradual expansion of sports in the professional arena has lately witnessed the advent of betting markets in the international level. This is considered by researchers to be direct outcome of the demands of the consumers of the advancements in technology that has given the business sectors a reason to cheer as a result of the increasing fiscal benefits and it also reinforced the relationship between the two. These facts are evident from the mutual benefits that the commercial undertakings are gaining in recent years through the help of different events in sports and clubs and people . They are also gaining other benefits from the various advertisements involving different sports within the framework of the laws. Nevertheless, it should also be noted that there exists also a number of such parties who tend to have a negative impact on the integrity of these sports and the related events (Arksey, 2000). These parties generally attempt to get identified in the organizers list for commercial as well as integrity grounds. Attempts have been made on putting a number of restrictions with regard to betting and restrictions on the access of market for the private operators. This is primarily done to protect the sports. This issue of integrity in sports has been increasing substantially and law makers have been recently drawn to debates regarding the same. The departments for law enforcements, the stakeholders and all related people are in a desperate mood to seek remedies to this global crisis. In this area of integrity in sports a number of issues fall among which the vital issues are any incidents of abuse, violence, attempts to win beyond the rules that have been given in the game, any kind of harassment and inequality, any form of anti social conducts, issues relating to junior participation or gender related issues, matters pertaining to wellbeing of athletes and vital roles relating to that. In the given research study the researcher aims to explore the integrity issues in the game of soccer and the various case studies relating to some of these vital issues. Code of Ethics Conduct There exist a number of bodies in the United Kingdom that is concerned with the regulation of the Code of ethics and the conduct of the sportspersons as well as the other people who are related to the sport in any manner (Ekblom, 1994). For instance the national governing bodies along with the government of United Kingdom as laid down a number of rules and regulations that needs to be followed by the coaches. Some of the rules and ethics that are to be carried out by the coaches are similar in all kind of sports including soccer. For instance, the coaches should always abide by the ethical and moral standards with regard to the relationships in this field, maintain confidentiality, refrain from abuse of privilege, keep up the safety, should be committed and should always come up for cooperation. With regard to the issues on integrity the coaches should never support the players or performers when they violate any rule of the sports. They should always try to prevent them and condemn any such act that they observe and in turn they should always encourage the players to abide by the spirit of the games (Sporis, 2013). Additionally, the coaches should never attempt to compromise the players to support such kind of measures which result in an unfair advantage for the players. Adoption of such practices which result in the enhancement of the performances of the players might put the players in an unsafe position as a result of which the players might not be able to participate properly in future. They should also never try to support or overlook the use of drugs or any related products which are banned or which enhance the performance of the players (Arksey, 2000). While conducting the duties of the coach, the coach must also make sure that the conduct of the training programs or the competition programs are in accordance to the age, experience and capabilities of the performers. The opponents should always be given their due respect whether it is during victories or in defeats. The coaches should also persuade the performers to act in the same manner. Another very significant role of the coach would be to react to success and failure both in a stoic manner (Ekblom, 1994). They are also liable to be responsible for the behavior of the players or performers and stop them from behaving improperly during training and during competitions. NGB and its guidelines in Soccer There exist a number of national governing bodies of sports which are responsible for supervising different sports. Most of these bodies are recognized by the government which supports a number of sports in a number of different methods so that they deliver proper programs and get more people to play the specific sports (Nafziger Ross, 2011). These national governing bodies are experts in those sports which they are supervising and managing. Hence they would be able to develop such programs that are would be able to address the problems which are creating barriers for the players and restricting new players to join the game. These governing bodies also tend to provide investments that assist the growth and expansion of the talented athletes in a number of sports (Morrow, 1999). The government takes all necessary steps to identify those national governing bodies which develop and grow like an organization and hence it provides for different services in various areas such as partnerships, legal issues etc. The Football Association is an organization that governs the sport of football or soccer in England. Established in 1863, the association is the oldest in the world and is supervises all the features of the game in the country. The association authorizes all the competitive matches at the national level and it also indirectly authorizes the local matches through the County Football Associations. The most competition that it conducts is the FA Cup. It further manages the appointments and managements with regard to the mens team or the womens team or the youth teams. With regard to the issues of integrity this association is extremely particular with the rules and regulations. It clearly lays down the prohibitions with regard to betting. The rules state that in order to preserve the beauty and bright future of the game it is important to maintain the integrity of the game (Parrish, 2003). These rules and regulations are applicable to all the individuals who are involved in the game ranging from the players to the managers and officials and staffs. Recently changes in the rules were made by the association when an international ban was raised on betting from August 2014. This ban was applicable to the Football League, the Super League for Women, the Football Conference and the Premier League. The ban was also applicable for the different north and south leagues and also the other participants. All of these people are restricted from involving in betting whether in a direct or indirect manner for any soccer match that takes place in any place in the world. All kinds of football related matters would be included in the betting ban. These rules on betting are related to the transfer of the players and the appointment and employment of the managers and the teams. Further the leaking of any information for the usage of betting also should be prohibited. According to the rules any player is not allowed to bet on any soccer game or any competition where they are playing or is involved in any other manner where such an act can influence the game or the league in which it is played. No player or performer can utilize or give out any information regarding betting. Some of the participants have different betting rules. These include those people who are in the National League System. Doping in Soccer Drugs that enhance the performance of the players in the game of soccer are not a new guest in this world. Drugs have been used by soccer players since a long time. The most significant reason for the drug use to be hidden is the fact that the testing facilities in this game were absent. The use of recreational drugs is very evident in the high profile sports teams and as a result the game of soccer suffers a lot from the use of these kinds of recreational drugs. One of the very famous soccer players who had fallen prey to doping was Diego Maradona who was found to be taking cocaine which happens to be a banned drug in most countries and especially in the area of sports. This incident had taken place in the year 1991 (Duval, 2014). The usage of performance enhancing drug is commonly known as doping in the sports organizations. This has recently lowered in the apparent use of drugs in the game of soccer. However, when observed closely it may be evident that when further investigation would be conducted, proper detection would be done and data would be collected throughout the different places in the world, the results may be different (C orluka, Gabrilo Blazevic , n.d.). Critics have usually claimed that the soccer players in the English Premier league are tested as much as they should have been tested. In all other sports including cycling and races generally the chances remain much more and hence the tests are also conducted more number of times as compared to soccer. Critics have also compared the soccer players to the basketball players were the players are testes more often. However, the response to this criticism has also been immense. In the country of England, the governing body controls the anti-doping programs. This is the Football Association. The organization stresses on the testing of the players in a random manner in collaboration with the Anti-Doling Agency of the United Kingdom. The testing is generally done during the time the players are away from the games in their house or when they are practicing in the training sessions (Malcolm Waddington, 2008). For the test the urine and blood samples of the players are taken and before the commencement of the game session the Football Association produces a report of the blood profiling program. Even though the number of cases in doing in the game of soccer is less that does not mean that there have been no cases of doping in English soccer. Methylhexaneamine, is a drug that enhances the performance of the players. One of the Barnet players named Mark Marshall was caught taking this drug. As a result of which the player had received a two year ban from the game. At the same time there were two other players who were tested positive for cannabis and were thrown out of the competition (Gibbons Nuttall, 2014). These players also received a month suspension. The Barnet Winger player Mark Marshall had however, received a higher suspension with a ban from the game for a period of two years when he failed the drugs test. After the league match against the team of Dagenham Redbridge this player was tested and he was found to be taking the stimulant methylhexaneamine. The suspension was conducted by an independent regulatory committee. Mark was said to be preparing to launch an app eal against the ban from the game claiming for the injustice done towards him. There happens to be another case of ban on a soccer player as a result of the doping charge against him. Ace English footballer Rio Ferdinand had been banned from the game of football for a period of eight months after he was absent during a drug test. The player was a defender in the well known English Club of Manchester United. Further he was fined with 50,000. The fact in this case was that the player had missed the drug test that was being carried on. The punishment for this was declared after a disciplinary committee was held by the Football Association to hear the case. The charge on the player was that he had missed the drug test which was carried with his knowledge. The founding of the disciplinary committee was that the charge on the player was proved and hence he would be considered to be guilty in the case. The player was one of the most expensive players in the club. The player has an opportunity to appeal against the ban. The independent tribunal had found the player gui lty of not drug charges but of misconduct for failing to be able to appear on the day of drug test. It should also be noted that the player had been selected for giving a sample to the officials of the United Kingdom doping agency. Match fixing in Soccer The world of sports has witnessed match fixing for a number of years. Match fixing refers to the condition when the game is being played in such a manner which is totally or partly being determined previously as a result of which it violates the rules of the game and also the law in sports (Hudson, 2009). There exist a number of reasons for people resorting to match fixing. However, one of the most common reasons for match fixing happens to be the exchange of money from the people who gamble in the match (Anderson, n.d.). Once money has exchanged hands the players tend to perform badly so that they can get an advantage or are profited later on. They sometimes act as a easy opponent and let the other team win. One of the oldest match fixing cases in English soccer happened in the year 1915. The match was between Liverpool and Manchester United. During the game the Liverpool team purposely played badly and finally the match ended with a score board of 2-0. Later on the media and the public wet crazy with the allegations of match fixing. It was further alleged that a huge amount of money was exchanged as a result of betting at the odds of 7/1. Later the Football Association conducted an investigation and the players were found guilty of betting. Contemporary times have also observed the presence of match fixing and betting in the game of soccer. In the year 2013 a number of soccer players were arrested and by the National Crime Agency as it was suspected that these soccer players were associated with match fixing of the football matches of the English Association (Anderson, n.d.). An investigation was carried out by two leading newspapers namely the Sun on Sunday and the Daily Telegraph. Another investigation was also carried out by the internet website FederBet. The case was dragged for a while and in mid 2014, the Birmingham Crown Court found some of the players guilty. The people found guilty were Krishna Sanjey Ganeshan, Chann Sankaran and Michael Boateng. They were found to be guilty of committing bribery. One of them Hakeem Adelakun was acquitted while another Moses Swaibu was kept for retrial. The player who was convicted faced serious charges. Two of them who were businessmen were sentenced to a prison term of five y ears and the player Boateng was sentenced to an imprisonment of eighteen months. After the match fixing scandal broke loose, the entire process of the working of the match fixing came in the forefront. The primary revelations were that the cost of the fixing was extremely high in the country and the players were also given a high payment to an approximately 70,000. There were two matches that were targeted for the match-fixing (Rigozzi, 2010). The way the match would be paid and the number of goals to be scored in the matches were all pre-decided. It was also planned that the player would receive a yellow card at the beginning of the game as an indication that the match could be controlled. Hence it can be construed that integrity issues can be extremely crucial in any sports and not following the rules and regulations generally result in legal issues ('Soccer Society', 2010). From the above study it is relevant that the integrity issues in match fixing is more serious as compared to the doping issues in soccer. The role of the Court of Arbitration for maintaining integrity in soccer The Court of Arbitration for sports is a quasi judicial international body which deals with all kind of disputes that arise in the world of sports. The head quarter of the court is located in Switzerland in the city of Lausanne and it also has courts in New York and Sydney. A dispute can be submitted in the Court of Arbitration only when there is an agreement of arbitration between the parties that is interested to resolve their disputes in this Court and the agreement specifically states that in case of dispute it would be resolved through the Court of Arbitration (Bernasconi Rigozzi, 2009). There are specified rules which provide for the procedural rules to be followed when resolving disputes in the Court of Arbitration (Duval, 2014). The rules have been mentioned in the Code of Sports-related Arbitration and Mediation Rules. Specifically, there are four types of procedures. The first is related to normal arbitration which governs the disputes on the very primary basis. The cases which are generally assigned to this department are the commercial cases that involve disputes between contracts, media rights, licensing etc (Mavromati, n.d.). The second type of procedure is the most important in the study as it relates to the appeals made against the bodies of sports and that includes disputes connecting to compensations, disciplinary actions, violation of anti-doing rules and disputes relating to compensation. It must be noted that almost 15% of the appeal cases that are brought forward in the Court of Arbitration are related to match-fixing and corruption and related to the integrity of the sports. The third type of procedure available is the ad-hoc division which is generally set up during the major gaming events and during these events an ad-hoc division is set up at the place of the event. During this time the panel is on-call and hears appeal and issues the decisions within a limited time period. The Court of Arbitration hears appeals for all sports that include soccer also. In a number of cases concerning football the Court of Arbitration has given decisions (Mangan, 2009). One of the recent examples of a case of the Court of Arbitration has been provided here. An investigation was conducted by the Federation of International Football Association considering the registration of the soccer players within the years 2009 and 2013. After the investigation the soccer clubs Barcelona and the Spanish Football Federation were found to be guilty of infringement of rules relating to ten soccer players. A fine was imposed on the soccer club Barcelona and the club was restricted from transfers. An appeal was made by the Catalan club on the decision and finally the embargo had been suspended. Later the Spanish Club Barcelona brought the case to the Court of Arbitration for sports and it was primarily because it desperately wanted the decision to be overturned. The appeal by Barcelona was rejected by the Court of Arbitration and the fourteen month ban on the club by FIFA was upheld and the Catalan Club was also not permitted to sign the players until the stipulated time period was over. Along with the ban there was also a fine that was to be paid by the Barcelona Club and also a reprimand when it was observed that the regulations of the FIFA were violated with regard to the registration of the minor players. Hence it can be stated the Court of Arbitration for sports is very rigid with the integrity issues and plays a vital role in upholding the sanctity in the sports. Conclusion All sports in the world should display the right amount of integrity since that would make the sport identify as an honest and a genuine dealing in game. Integrity in sports include the depicting superior sportsmanship, making provisions for protective, just and comprehensive environment for all people involved and it would also be expected that all players in the game would abide by the rules of fair play that has been given in the rule book (Gardiner, 2006). Any sport that shows appropriate amount of integrity shows how the confidence level, trust and assistance of the community increase. Hence it can be stated that the integrity has serious impact on the business of sports (Reilly, 2012). When in a particular sport the level of integrity is high it generally leads to better participation of people in that sport. This is because the honesty of members attracts people towards the sport. High level of integrity means that the sport would be more viable financially since the funding companies; sponsors would be attracted to the game (Lewis Taylor, 2008). Also the membership would be increased. Further, high integrity would mean more success on field and that would attract players to be associated and have healthy and successful career. Integrity is something that is constantly under scrutiny. From participants to spectators to sponsors everyone judges the sport on its integrity. Hence it can be stated that the only manner in which a sport can survive is by having a good reputation with regard to the integrity issues. Every sport should be the same outside as it should be in the internal side and maintain its values and principles. References Anderson, J. Match Fixing and EU Policy in 2014: An Introduction.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2449305 Anderson, J. Match Fixing and Money Laundering.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2424755 Arksey, N. (2000).Playing on the edge. London: Puffin. Bernasconi, M., Rigozzi, A. (2009).Sport governance, football disputes, doping and CAS arbitration. Berne: Editions Weblaw. C orluka, M., Gabrilo, G., Blazevic , M.Doping factors, knowledge and attitudes among Bosnian and Herzegovinian football players =. Duval, A. (2014). Cocaine, doping and the court of arbitration for sport.The International Sports Law Journal. doi:10.1007/s40318-014-0063-3 Ekblom, B. (1994).Football (soccer). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Ekblom, B. (1994).Soccer. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Gardiner, S. (2006).Sports law. London: Cavendish Pub. Gibbons, T., Nuttall, D. (2014). True fan = watch match? In search of the Authentic soccer fan.Soccer Society, 1-13. doi:10.1080/14660970.2014.980735 Hudson, D. (2009).Combat sports. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Lewis, A., Taylor, J. (2008).Sport. Haywards Heath, West Sussex: Tottel. Malcolm, D., Waddington, I. (2008). No systematic doping in football: A critical review.Soccer Society,9(2), 198-214. doi:10.1080/14660970701811065 Mangan, M. (2009). The Court of Arbitration for Sport: Current Practice, Emerging Trends and Future Hurdles.Arbitration International,25(4), 591-602. doi:10.1093/arbitration/25.4.591 Mavromati, D. National Disputes Before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS).SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2573335 Morrow, S. (1999).The new business of football. Basingstoke: Macmillan Business. Nafziger, J., Ross, S. (2011).Handbook on international sports law. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Parrish, R. (2003).Sports law and policy in the European Union. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. Reilly, L. (2012). Introduction to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) the Role of National Courts in International Sports Disputes, An Symposium.Journal Of Dispute Settlement, (1), 63-81. Rigozzi, A. (2010). Challenging Awards of the Court of Arbitration for Sport.Journal Of International Dispute Settlement,1(1), 217-265. doi:10.1093/jnlids/idp010 Soccer Society. (2010).Soccer Society,11(6), ebi-ebi. doi:10.1080/14660970.2010.530059 Sporis, G. (2013). Relationship between Functional Capacities and Performance Parameters in Soccer.Journal Of Sports Medicine Doping Studies. doi:10.4172/2161-0673.s2-001

Birth of Social Philosophy Essay Example

Birth of Social Philosophy Essay It rises in the second half of the XIX Century, in some European countries, and a little later in the United States and other countries. For some, Social Psychology appeared in 1859, along with the revised edition of Great Soviet Encyclopedia by Steintahl and Lazarus. This magazine puts Social Psychology as a branch of psychology bourgeois. For others, the social psychology emerged in recent years in the 9th century, with the process of psychologizing of Sociology. As it can be seen, there is no consensus regarding the date and context in which social psychology was born. The non-Soviet social psychology has in common with the bourgeois sociology the tendency to justify the ideology of capitalism. But you can not reduce its Social Psychology bourgeois ideological function, it also deals with real problems, and provides methods for obtaining and preparing scientific information. According to Kuzmin, Social Psychology has taken two distinct paths: one tries to meet the needs of Psychology, the other serves the policy of the ruling classes (as bourgeois sociology). Therefore, it becomes difficult to argue that social psychology is closer to psychology or sociology. To Mansurov, Social Psychology borns thanks to the successes of the various social sciences. However, it recognizes that reason alone was not enough, what was even influenced the ideological and political interests of the bourgeoisie. Mansurov reinforces the idea of seeing the social psychology as a branch of bourgeois sociology, ready to defend the ruling class in the revolutionary movement of the working class. According to Pariguin (text author), Social Psychology, goes far beyond this ideological character that some scholars try to impose it. We will write a custom essay sample on Birth of Social Philosophy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Birth of Social Philosophy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Birth of Social Philosophy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It would be mediocre to believe that Social Psychology serving only the interests of a minority. Who ran a little from the simplistic analysis was ISKon, linking the emergence of social psychology with the psychologizing of Sociology. For him, the psychology of the middle of this century ignored social factors and the specific nature of the collective consciousness. Occupied only the psychology of the individual. For the author, considering the epistemological roots of social psychology is as important as considering its social roots. Thus, Social Psychology also appears to meet the needs of the development of scientific knowledge. †¢ SOURCES OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: Gordon Allport points out Plato as the founder of irrational tendency in social psychology. This is because Plato underestimated the reasoning ability of the masses. In general, ancient philosophers despised the role of the masses in society. Helvetius highlighted the importance of social environment for the education of man xo role of conscience and the passions of the individual to the development of society. Feuerbach emphasized the emotional factor in the communication process of people and human relationships in the development of all social relations. Hegel was one of the historical process that psychologized. He justified the actions arising from the masses as their needs and passions. Many issues related to social psychology are in the works of the early bourgeois thinkers. Despite this, we can not consider them the founders of social psychology as a scientific discipline independent. Unthinkable, too, credited to the creation of the subjective idealist social psychology, as they had as a reality only the subjective world of the person. And the idealistic goals? Considered as a single reality as only the absolute idea, are also discarded as creators of social psychology. The class struggle, which was the leitmotiv of the bourgeois revolutions of the seventeenth-century, brought up the need for a study on the psychology of mass movements for a proper understanding of the meaning of historical events. In this moment of crisis the traditional idealist conception of history, who better reflected the peculiarities of certain psychosocial layers was Balzac, with his portraits of social types of the century France. XIX. Balzac was able to attract the attention of sociologists and philosophers to the problems of psychology classes, through their art. To Labriola, Balzac was the one who discovered the psychology classes, not Auguste Comte. Against the bourgeois thought, the French historians Thierry, Mignet and Guizot were the first to recognize the important role of the masses in history. According to Thierry, is more comfortable for most historians give the hero some profound changes of a certain society, instead of admitting the indispensable role of people in these changes. The works of Marx and Engels had great influence on the bourgeois sociologists and psychologists, who came to consider the mass revolutionary movement as a progressive force of historical development. The study of the psychology of people and the masses is a factor origination of Social Psychology. †¢ BIRTH OF PSYCHOLOGY AS A BRANCH OF DIFFERENT SECTORS OF SOCIOLOGY: Many sectors of Sociology had interest in Social Psychology. Linguists, for example, was vital to the social psychology itself, through the work of Lazarus, Stheinthal, and even Wilhelm Wundt. Apart from linguistics, also influenced Anthropology, Archaeology and Ethnography. More specifically in the psychological area, we find influences of General Psychology and Psychiatry. We can locate the first foundations of psychosocial orientation in psychology in the work of psychologists and Baudouin McDougall, Wundt and Ribot. At the beginning of the century XX, the psychiatrist Sigmund Freud was used to study social psychology and the social character of the psychically conditioned neuroses and psychoses of the masses. SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE BIRTH OF CURRENT PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY BOURGEOIS: Chronologically, we can situate the process of psychologizing of bourgeois sociology in the last decade of last century. I accept this process, many bourgeois sociologists have had no choice but to admit that the century of the succeeding century heroes of the masses, as the French sociologist and publicist G. Le Bon. But, while acknowledging the power of the masses, the bourgeois sociologis ts and social psychologists still bore traces of philosophical traditions. Reinforcing these traditions, the defense of capitalism pointed the mass revolutionary movement as something irrational and destructive. Thus, the psycho-bourgeois were unable to legitimize the important role of the masses in history, within a scientific conception. The psycho G. Mikhailovsky late sociologist and considered fundamental to the authority of the hero and his power of suggestion about the collective unconscious. They believed that people need a model to be imitated, not being able to act consciously. Seeing one in social sychology ideological instrument, ready to defend the exploitation of workers, as reactionary G. Tarde, Le Bon and Social Psychology Sighele developed in this direction, treating people as anarchists and criminals, destroying the order. For Le Bon, knowing the psychological peculiarities of a people is the first step to mastering it. Social psychology as a science independent born between 1930-1940. 2. DEVELOPMENT OF BOURGEOIS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY. DIRECTIO NS AND ITS CHARACTERISTIC TRAITS †¢ BOURGEOIS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF THE END OF XIX CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE CENTURY. XX: We can distinguish two stages in the development of bourgeois social psychology: the first goes from the second half of the century to the first quarter of the century XX; the second is that period to the present day. In the first period, two trends are noticeable: one sees the psychology of the individual as a product of society; the other is based on the individual (psycho-individual), and tries to explain both the psychology of society, like all other manifestations of social life. Within this trend, there are two currents: the organismic and depth psychology. Organicists were based on the elementary psychic reactions that man has inherited the animals, to explain the phenomena of social life. Those who dealt with the depth psychology (among them Freud) tried to discover the psychological mechanism of individual behavior, considering the sex drive. However, the psychosocial conception of Freuds unscientific. Unlike Freud, Mikhailovsky and G. Afternoon situated the unconscious mental processes in the authority of the individual and the imitative capacity of the masses. Despite the differences all the representatives of depth psychology sought to explain social life by psychological factors. Between the end of the century. And early nineteenth century. XX, developed in social psychology to sociological trend, which placed the individual as a product of society. Ribot, Blondel and Piaget advocated this idea. Another chain that emerges in this period in social psychology is the tendency biosocial. The neopositivists P. Caullet and E. V. Roberti were representatives of this current. Auguste Comte emphasizes the socially conditioned nature of the human psyche; Durkheim speaks of the socially determined character of the psychic functions. Within the current biosocial arises behaviorism, which consider the biological factors, interacting with physiological processes and the social environment. Behaviorism, which had its heyday during the First World War, was later lost ground to the depth psychology, especially for Freudianism, and then to neofreudism. An important aspect of bourgeois social psychology is its tendency to monism, as a single phenomenon could explain the whole psychology. Another feature of this period is irrational conception of man, his psyche and his conduct. This thought went against rationalist ideas of Kant, Hegel and Herbart. The rapid development of irrational ideas in social psychology were based on political and ideological crisis, and also in bourgeois philosophy. In Social Psychology of the period also stood out, conceptualism, who allegedly elaborated general theoretical schemes to explain all social phenomena. †¢ SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY IN CENTURY BOURGEOIS. XX: Between 20 and the present moment lies the second great step in the history of bourgeois social psychology. The function of the applied social psychology at this stage causes decrease the interest of psychologists by theoretical questions. It has moved from broad generalizations to the philosophical study of small balls and small social groups. After the Second World War, the bourgeois sociologists and social psychologists have directed their object of study for small social groups. From there, the small group is seen as the backbone of the entire structure of Social Psychology. This conception microsociological intends to mask class differences, apparent social homogeneity in contemporary bourgeois society. One of the characteristics of this current is the attempt to substantiate the empirical method as fundamental research. The opposition between the empirical methods of research and theory confirms the great crisis of modern methodological bourgeois Social Psychology. In 1924, Allport generalized the experience of the first experimental investigations, laying the first foundations for the development of methodological problems related to psychosocial experimentation. Although the experiment psychosocial deserves ts recognized value, we can not consider it as an original discovery of Social Psychology. According to the psycho Curtis, currently bourgeois social psychologists dispute the notion of interaction (society individual). New trends emerged, as neobehaviorism and Sociometry, among others. A novelty of the bourgeois social psychology is the principle of social conditions. Sociologists and Parsons Mead created the theory of roles. Such trends also affect the Freudian, which shal l consider the inclinations of man as a result of the influence of sociological environment.

How to Deal with Unprepared Students

How to Deal with Unprepared Students One of the facts that every teacher faces is that each day there will be one or more students who come to class without the ​necessary books and tools. They might be missing their pencil, paper, textbook, or whatever other school  supply you asked them to bring with them that day. As the teacher, you need to decide how you will deal with this situation when it arises. There are basically two schools of thought about how to deal with a case of missing supplies: those who think that students should be held responsible for not bringing everything they need, and those who feel that a missing pencil or notebook should not be the cause of the student losing out on the days lesson.  Lets take a look at each of these arguments.   Students Should Be Held Responsible Part of succeeding not only in school but also in the real world is learning how to be responsible. Students must learn how to get to class on time, participate in a positive manner, manage their time so that they submit their homework assignments on time, and, of course, come to class prepared. Teachers who believe that one of their main tasks is to reinforce the need for the students to be responsible for their own actions will typically have strict rules about missing school supplies.   Some teachers will not allow the student to participate in the class at all unless they have found or borrowed the necessary items. Others might penalize assignments because of forgotten items. For example, a geography teacher who is having students color in a map of Europe  might reduce a students grade for not bringing in the required colored pencils.   Students Should Not Miss Out The other school of thought holds that even though a student needs to learn responsibility, forgotten supplies should not stop them from learning or participating in the days lesson. Typically, these teachers will have a system for students to borrow supplies from them. For example, they might have a student trade something valuable for a pencil that they then return at the end of the class when they get that pencil back. One excellent teacher at my school only lends pencils out if the student in question leaves one shoe in exchange. This is a foolproof way of ensuring that the borrowed supplies are returned before the student leaves the class.   Random Textbook Checks Textbooks can cause a lot of headaches for teachers as students are prone to leaving these at home. Most teachers do not have extras in their classroom for students to borrow. This means that forgotten textbooks typically result in students having to share. One way to provide incentives for students to bring their texts each day is to periodically hold random textbook/material checks. You can either include the check as part of each students participation grade or give them some other reward such as extra credit or even some candy. This depends on your students and the grade you are teaching.   Larger Problems What if you have a student who rarely if ever brings their materials to class. Before jumping to the conclusion that they are just lazy and writing them a referral, try to dig a little deeper. If there is a reason that they are not bringing their materials, work with them to come up with strategies to help. For example, if you think the issue at hand is simply one of organization issues,  you might provide them with a checklist for the week for what they need each day. On the other hand, if you feel that there are issues at home that are causing the problem, then you would do well to get the students guidance counselor involved.

Top5 current domestic terrorism Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Top5 current domestic terrorism threats(i.e.nuclear,bio,chemical,agriculture,etc) - Thesis Example Terrorism – and the threat of terror - can have political, social, and economic ramifications. Politically, terror can sow fear, destabilize governments and provoke various forms of retaliatory measures. States of all stripes – including modern liberal democracies – have responded to terrorist threats through the curtailment of civil liberties (United States post 9/11), the imposition of martial law (Canada during the FLQ crisis of 1970) and the wholesale destruction of communities (Iraq’s genocide of the Kurds in Halabja, 1988). Full-scale retaliatory measures, such as that which was practiced at Halabja using chemical weapons (between 3,000 and 5,000 people were killed one March afternoon), often indiscriminately target, kill and maim entire populations. Terrorists today are unencumbered by geographic boundaries and are able, through the use and abuse of modern technology, to sow damage and fear on a global scale. The terrorist of today is transnational and Al-Qaeda today provides perhaps the best example of a global terrorist network. Terrorism is also inherently destabilizing and wreaks havoc both politically and economically. It remains one of the most sustained and important threats to global security and world peace. Additionally, legal changes often ensue in the wake of terrorist acts and the United States has a history of implementing controversial legislation in the wake of terrorist acts (Chaliand 101-240). What is a terrorist and how does one define terrorism? The age old adage that â€Å"one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter† (Bergesen & Lizardo 39) remains true and the term terrorist has been notoriously difficult to define. Despite these challenges, a definition of terrorism is integral and must be defined to provide a theoretical basis to this essay. According to Dr. Mia Bloom, terrorism can be defined as â€Å"premeditated, politically motivated violence

Finish homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Finish homework - Assignment Example This essay is a rhetorical analysis of the 2013 documentary,Blackfish. Production of the documentary Blackfish intended to show the dangers of placing in captivity of clever and emotional creatures such as whales. To achieve this, Blackfish shows a series of mistreatments of whales in captivity in various performing parks around the world, concentrating on the devastating incidents that led to the death of four people. This documentary mainly uses a killer whale known as Tilikum due to his involvement in three of the four deaths. Since Tilikum cannot tell the story, a collection of former orca trainers particularly those who worked with Tilikum are used. The use of orca trainers as the narrators, places their stories above those of Tilikum. This way, Blackfish turns out to be a narrative with two main points. The first point is that the idea of keeping killer whales in captivity is wrong and the second point is that the abuse of whales by fellow whales whiles in captivity maybe the reason some of them become hostile. Blackfish director Gabriela Cowperthwaite excelled in this documentary particularly the perfect visual work. The documentary uses skilled cinematography to blend interviews with actual shots of the animals and parks, and the occasional pieces of created shots for instance the animations employed in presentation of courtroom transcriptions. This makes Blackfish a stunning work of visual art that most people will enjoy watching and since it provides fresh content in a rare form of cinematography. The soundtrack by Jeff Beal in this documentary greatly improves the visual power of the film by heightening the documentary’s emotional thrust. This masterful soundtrack therefore, helps the documentary in successful manipulation of the audience’s emotions. Blackfish however fails to align its ideas in a manner that clearly

Accounting Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting Principles - Essay Example The  American Institute of Certified Public Accountants  (AICPA) has also defined the term accountancy as an art of recording the data, classifying and summarizing the data in financial aspects. Each of the transaction and event, which is, either a least part of a financial character, becomes a part of financial statement for the interpretation thereof. There are more than methods of recording the transaction and each of the entity is allowed to adopt the method, which suits it the best. Expense and income are the two pillars of business. The methods of recording all the expenses and incomes are: The basics of both methods are same and the only difference is of time about the credit and debit of sale or purchase in the books of one’s account. If a business is using the cash method then its income will be counted when it will be receiving the cash or check in actual and expenses are counted when the amount is actually paid. On the other hand, under the more common accrual method of recording the data, entered transactions at the same time when they happen, in spite of when the money received or paid in actual (Morgan). With the accrual method, income is counted when the sale occurs, and expenses are counted when you receive goods or services. In this method, the business does not need to wait till the actual receipt and payment of money happened. Nevertheless, it is difficult to forecast that when the business will get or pay the money and it is also not predictable that when the sale and purchase will occur. Not until you finish a service or deliver all the goods a contract calls for can do, you put the income down in your books (Morgan). It is clear that there is no significant difference between these two methods and they both can produce the same results. If all the sales are paid at the same time the transaction occurred and the payment has been made at the same time of the transaction occurred, means the cash transactions, the

Historical Research Methods: Strengths and Weaknesses

Historical Research Methods: Strengths and Weaknesses What are the strengths and limitations of using biography, autobiography and oral history as historical sources? The combination of autobiography, biography and oral history is enrichment to the study of history through placing an emphasis on the role that personalities and individuals have in historical events.   They form important sources for historical study both primary and secondary. It has been claimed that the relative merits of biography and oral history, although intrinsically flawed, are an essential element in the writing and study of history. Oral history as a source can conceivably be controversial because it could be perceived as unreliable and mercurial.   Memory and the passage of time can intentionally or unintentionally, distort or omit details; seeming spontaneity in response can be over-elaborate or exaggerate an individuals contribution; oral dialogue can personalise events and confirm them but a personal perspective could also diminish and simplify the same events.   Interviews, despite possible lack of detail, lapses of memory and tricks of the imagination, give ac cess to a valuable historical source which could create a lost world. History is not just an evaluation of causes and consequences; it is also a study of human nature.   Autobiography, biography and oral history can give illustration and colour to what could be perceived as a dry and dusty subject.   They can add personal insight into an event and because of this they can also be unreliable.   They can modify or distort the truth according to the authors motives for writing the piece or agreeing to the interview. It could be argued that history is a record of human progress, achievements and endeavours so without the contribution of personalised accounts whether through oral recordings, biography or autobiography, the study and analysis of history would be a one-dimensional digest of facts.   History without some personal focus would be tedious and unbalanced; personal records prompt deeper historical reflection and research. Biography It is hard for the biographer, for instance, to rise above his own preconceptions and be truly objective. Biographies should be used as sources but it always should be borne in mind that they are often subjectively and not always objectively written. The one of the strengths of using biographies are that there is a direct focus on an event and the biographer might give an event more depth and detail than a general history book would and perhaps give it a human slant. Biographers can be biased, they are sometimes said to fall in love with their subjects. Whilst this maybe an exaggeration there is some truth in the fact that it is hard to be objective about a subject that the writer has analysed in depth and feels they understand.   Biographers are selective through necessity as no biography can ever be a full unvarnished story of a life.   In this selection the biographer has to make a decision as to whether he is judgemental or whether he presents a selection of facts from which his reader can form their own opinion of the subject.   In presenting such a selection, the biographer will be allowing his own views and background colour his choice. It is the attempt to be even-handed with the subject of the biography that can cause controversy as the biographer is accused of rehabilitating historys villains on one hand or denigrating its heroes on the other. Revisionist theories about notorious historical figures can cause outcry and condemnation as was well illustrated by David Irvings biography of Adolf Hitler. Even with all the problems, they still are a good source of information and the reader should always consider other books about the same person if they are unsure of the treatment of the subject matter. The wisest thing to do is to cross reference biographies/history books and use more than one source, in order to get a better and more informed opinion. Autobiography Autobiography can provide unique insights since nobody knows better than the subject about themselves. On the other hand they can be economical with the truth or written to cause sensation; the facts could be skewed because the writer will not doubt be attempting to present himself in the best light. It is also probable that only one point of view of events will be given so the account might not be well-balanced. That being said, autobiography is a good first source of information.

Majoring in Music :: Education Musical Singing School Essays Papers

Majoring in Music Music has always been an important part of my life. Upon entering the fifth grade, my parents bought me a flute, at my insistence. After moderate success playing the flute, I saw greener grass on the other side of the musical fence. Singing just had to be easier than making music with a long metal pipe. My perception and reality did not exactly match. Singing has its own subtleties and complexities which are not readily apparent to the casual observer. Abandoning the flute for singing, I began taking voice lessons in the tenth grade. My voice teacher was very experienced and encouraged me to pursue my interest in music beyond high school. After much deliberation, I decided to major in voice during college. This path would be fraught with unforeseen difficulties and exciting challenges. After announcing my decision to a number of friends and acquaintances, I began to encounter not a few misconceptions about the study of music. Many people readily expressed their uninformed opinion that music (particularly vocal performance) was an easy college major for anyone with a modicum of talent: â€Å"Just open your mouth and let the music pour out.† Some showed their ignorance by commenting that music majors had both light and easy course loads. There are even some people who refuse to acknowledge that music is a serious academic discipline. They believe music is a refuge for slackers who do not want to tackle the really difficult courses. Others have insinuated that music majors choose a career in music by default (i.e., because they could not think of anything better to study). Of course, none of these perceptions are true. Two short months studying music on the college level has exploded these misconceptions. The study of music is a rigorous academic discipline which only gets more difficult as one progresses further into the curriculum. While our professors are understanding and helpful, we certainly are not coddled. Music majors quickly learn that hard work and long hours is the price of success in the world of music. The subject matter demands dedication and discipline. Music majors do have some respite from the demands of our discipline. For voice majors, there is choir. Choir provides an opportunity to learn in a more passive manner. The choir director leads the members of the choir toward the desired goal – the mastery of the piece of music to be performed. While choir members must be attentive and receptive, the burden is primarily carried by the director.